EN4016: Buku Lotsogolera Zomangira za Mapaipi a Ductile Iron

Mu mapaipi opopera mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chopopera, zomangira (monga maboluti, mtedza, ndi ma gasket), ngakhale zazing'ono, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakutsimikizira kulimba, kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mapaipi. EN4016, “Mapaipi achitsulo chopopera, zomangira, ndi zowonjezera – Madzi akumwa – Zofunikira ndi njira zoyesera,” imayika momveka bwino zofunikira zaukadaulo za zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi otere. Nkhaniyi ikupereka chidziwitso choyambira chokhudza zomangira pogwiritsa ntchito muyezo uwu.

Muyezo wa EN4016 sumangophimba zokhamapaipi achitsulo opangidwa ndi ductilendi zolumikizira zokha, komanso zimatchula bwino momwe makina olumikizira amagwirira ntchito, zipangizo, ndi chitetezo cha dzimbiri (kuphatikizapo mabolts, mtedza, ndi ma washers). Kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi muyezo uwu ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti makina onse olumikizira mapaipi akutsatira malamulo ndi chitetezo.

Zofunikira Zoyambira pa Zomangira
Malinga ndi EN4016, zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi achitsulo opangidwa ndi ductile (makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka madzi akumwa) ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:
1. Katundu wa Zipangizo ndi Makina

• Mabotolo: nthawi zambiri ayenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso zolimba, monga chitsulo cha kaboni kapena chitsulo cha alloy. Mlingo wawo wa makina uyenera kukhala osachepera 8.8 (kutanthauza mphamvu yokhazikika ya 800 MPa ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya 0.8). Pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokwera, mabotolo okhala ndi mphamvu ya 10.9 kapena kupitirira apo angafunike.
• Mtedza: uyenera kufanana ndi mtundu wa bolt, nthawi zambiri umagwiritsa ntchito mtedza wa giredi 8 kapena 10, kuti ukhale wolumikizana bwino komanso kupewa kuchotsedwa kwa ulusi.
• Kutha kupirira: kuyenera kukhala ndi kuthekera kotha kupirira komanso kutha kupirira kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe zolakwika zamkati.

2. Ulusiziyenera kutsatira miyezo ya ulusi wa ISO (monga ISO68-1, ISO261),Khalani oyera, athunthu, komanso opanda mabala, ming'alu, ndi zolakwika zina kuti bolt ndi nati zigwirizane bwino.

3. Miyeso ndi Kulekereraayenera kutsatira zofunikira zololera zomwe zafotokozedwa mu zojambula za kapangidwe ndi miyezo yoyenera (monga EN ISO 4014 ndi EN ISO 4032) kuti atsimikizire kuti amasinthana komanso kuti agwirizane.

Popeza mapaipi achitsulo chosungunuka nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa nthaka kapena m'malo ozizira, komanso chifukwa amanyamula madzi akumwa, kukana dzimbiri kwa zomangira kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. EN4016 ili ndi malamulo okhwima pankhaniyi:
1. Chiwopsezo cha dzimbiri
Zomangira zitsulo za kaboni zimakhala zosavuta kuwononga zinthu zamagetsi m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi. Kutupa kwakukulu kungayambitse kusweka kwa bolt, kutayikira kwa malo olumikizirana, komanso kulephera kwa dongosolo la mapaipi.
Kuti madzi alowe m'madzi akumwa, chophimba choletsa dzimbiri chiyenera kukhala chopanda poizoni, chopanda fungo, komanso chosakhudza ubwino wa madzi.

2. Zophimba Zotsutsana ndi Kutupa Zovomerezeka,EN 4016 imalimbikitsa njira zotsatirazi zopewera dzimbiri m'malo okhala ndi madzi akumwa:
Kuthira galvanizing (HDG): Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yothandiza yotetezera. Pambuyo pothira ndi kusuntha, zomangira zimaviikidwa mu zinc yosungunuka kuti zipange zinc-iron alloy yolimba komanso zinc yeniyeni.
Chofunikira: Kukhuthala kwa wosanjikiza wa galvanized kuyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yoyenera (monga ISO 10684), nthawi zambiri kumafuna makulidwe apakati a 50μm kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha dzimbiri kwa nthawi yayitali. Dacromet/Zinc-Chromium Coating: Ukadaulo wophimba wopanda hydrogen wosagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri, wopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito slurry wopangidwa ndi ufa wa zinc, ufa wa aluminiyamu, ndi chromic acid kenako nkuphika pa kutentha kwakukulu.
Ubwino: Kukana dzimbiri bwino (nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopambana kuposa kuviika ndi galvanizing yofanana ndi makulidwe), palibe chiopsezo cha kuphulika kwa haidrojeni, komanso chophimba chofanana.
Zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zaukhondo pazinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi madzi akumwa.

Kuphimba kwa Epoxy: Filimu yoteteza ya epoxy resin yolimba imayikidwa pamwamba pa chomangira pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga kupopera ndi electrostatic.
Ubwino: Kukana mankhwala bwino komanso mawonekedwe okongola. Komabe, chophimbacho chiyenera kukhala chopanda kuwonongeka, chifukwa izi zingayambitse dzimbiri.

Mapaipi opopera achitsulo cha ductile, mapaipi achitsulo cha ductile, madzi akumwa, EN4016, zomangira, zomangira, zowonjezera, maboliti, mtedza, magasket, zomangira zokhala ndi galvanizing yotentha