M'makampani amakono,mapaipi achitsulo a ductileamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popereka madzi, ngalande, kutumiza gasi ndi zina zambiri chifukwa chakuchita bwino. Kuti mumvetsetse bwino momwe mapaipi achitsulo amagwirira ntchito, chithunzi cha metallographic cha mapaipi achitsulo cha ductile chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Lero, tikambirana za ntchito ya metallographic zithunzi za mipope chitsulo ductile mozama, ndi kuganizira kusanthula mtengo kwambiri anabweretsa.Mtengo wa magawo DINSENmapaipi achitsulo amafika pamlingo 1 wa spheroidization. Chithunzi chotsatirachi ndi chithunzi cha chithunzi cha metallographic cha DINSEN ductile iron mapaipi.
M'mawu osavuta, zithunzi za metallographic ndi zithunzi zamkati mwazitsulo zomwe zimawonedwa ndi ma microscopes a metallographic ndi zida zina pambuyo pokonzekera zitsanzo zazitsulo. Kwa mapaipi achitsulo a ductile, zithunzi zawo za metallographic zikuwonetsa zambiri monga momwe amagawira, mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ndi digiri ya spheroidization ya chitsulo chachitsulo mu masanjidwe achitsulo. Pokonzekera zitsanzo za metallographic, njira zingapo zogwirira ntchito zosakhwima monga kudula, kupera, kupukuta ndi dzimbiri zimafunika. Kudula kuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zitsanzo zosankhidwa zikhoza kuimira zizindikiro za chitoliro chonse; ndondomeko yopera pang'onopang'ono imathetsa kuwonongeka kwa nthaka chifukwa cha kudula, kotero kuti flatness pamwamba amakwaniritsa zofunika zina; kupukuta kumapangitsanso kuti chitsanzocho chikhale chosalala ngati galasi, kuti mawonekedwe amkati awonetsedwe bwino pambuyo pa chithandizo cha dzimbiri; dzimbiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma reagents amankhwala kuti achite ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zachitsulo kumitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuti awonetse kusiyana koonekeratu pamapangidwe abungwe pansi pa maikulosikopu. Kupyolera mu mndandanda wa ntchito, tikhoza kupeza chithunzi cha metallographic chomwe chingawonetsere bwino microstructure ya mipope yachitsulo ya ductile.
Kafukufuku wazinthu:Kuchita kwa mipope yachitsulo ya ductile kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma graphite nodules. Kuchokera pazithunzi za metallographic, titha kuwona mozama kukula, kuchuluka ndi kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta graphite. Kukula kwa graphite tinatake tozungulira mwachindunji zimakhudza mawotchi zimatha chitsulo choponyedwa. Tizigawo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta graphite titha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ndi kulimba kwachitsulo chonyezimira. Mwachitsanzo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ta graphite titha kugawanitsa kupsinjika molingana ndi kuchepetsa kupsinjika komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha mphamvu zakunja, kotero kuti mipope yachitsulo ya ductile imakhala yabwinoko komanso yokhazikika. Chithunzi cha metallographic chili ngati bukhu la code of material properties. Potanthauzira, ofufuza atha kumvetsetsa bwino za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kapangidwe ka mkati ndi katundu wa zinthuzo, ndikupereka maziko opangira zida zapaipi yachitsulo ya ductile.
Kuwongolera Ubwino:Popanga mapaipi achitsulo a ductile, zithunzi za metallographic ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera khalidwe. Gulu lililonse la mapaipi achitsulo a ductile opangidwa amafunika kuyesedwa mwazitsulo. Poyerekeza chithunzi cha metallographic ndi ma atlasi wamba, zitha kudziwika ngati chinthucho chikukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba. Ngati chithunzi cha metallographic chikusonyeza kuti spheroidization ya mipira ya graphite ndi yosauka, monga kuchuluka kwa flake graphite kapena kutsika kwambiri kwa spheroidization, ntchito ya gulu la mankhwala silingakwaniritse zofunikira. Kwa opanga, kuzindikira kwanthawi yake kwamavuto amtunduwu kumatha kuletsa zinthu zosayenera kulowa mumsika ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwachuma. Zimathandizanso kuwongolera njira zopangira ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwazinthu.
Kusanthula kolephera:Pamene mipope yachitsulo ya ductile ikulephera kapena kulephera panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, zithunzi za metallographic zimatha kupereka zidziwitso zofunikira kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa kulephera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati payipi iphulika, posanthula chithunzi cha metallographic pafupi ndi gawo losweka, zitha kupezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa spheroidization ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta graphite kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa zinthu zolimba komanso kusweka kwamphamvu kwanthawi yayitali; kapena chifukwa cha zonyansa kapena zolakwika mu kapangidwe kake, dzimbiri zimayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zinazake, zomwe pamapeto pake zimabweretsa kulephera kwa mapaipi. Pambuyo chifukwa cholephera kumveketsedwa kudzera mu kusanthula kwa metallographic, njira zowongolera zowunikira zitha kuchitidwa, monga kukhathamiritsa njira yopangira, kusintha mawonekedwe azinthu zopangira, etc., kukonza moyo wautumiki ndi kudalirika kwa mapaipi achitsulo a ductile.
Kuchuluka kwa spheroidization ndichizindikiro chofunikira poyezera mtundu wa mapaipi achitsulo a ductile. Zimasonyeza mlingo wa graphite spheroidization. Kukwera kwa spheroidization rate, kuyandikira kwa mawonekedwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta graphite ndi gawo langwiro ndipo kugawa kumafanana. Malinga ndi miyezo yoyenera, mlingo wa spheroidization nthawi zambiri umagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri kuchokera pa mlingo 1 mpaka 6, ndi mlingo 1 umakhala ndi mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa spheroidization ndi mlingo wa 6 wokhala ndi spheroidization yotsika kwambiri.
Level 1 spheroidization rate: Pa mapaipi achitsulo omwe amafika pamlingo woyamba wa spheroidization, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta graphite mkati mwake ndi pafupifupi ozungulira, kukula kwake, komanso omwazika kwambiri komanso ogawidwa mofanana. Microstructure yabwinoyi imapereka mapaipi achitsulo a ductile zabwino zamakina. Pankhani ya mphamvu, imatha kupirira zipsyinjo zapamwamba, ndipo imatha kusunga dongosolo lokhazikika ngakhale itakwiriridwa kwambiri pansi kuti ipirire kupanikizika kwa nthaka kapena potumiza madzi othamanga kwambiri. Pankhani ya kulimba, mapaipi achitsulo a ductile okhala ndi spheroidization rate 1 ali ndi mphamvu yokana kwambiri. Ngakhale pansi pa zovuta za nthaka, monga madera omwe amapezeka ndi zivomezi, amatha kulimbana ndi zotsatira za zinthu monga kusamuka kwa nthaka, kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kuphulika kwa mapaipi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mlingo wabwino wa spheroidization umathandizanso kuti chitoliro chisamawonongeke, chifukwa kugawidwa kwa yunifolomu kwa mipira ya graphite kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa electrochemical chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa microstructural.
Zotsatira zamagawo osiyanasiyana a spheroidization rate pakuchita bwino:Pamene kuchuluka kwa spheroidization kumachepa, mawonekedwe a mipira ya graphite amachoka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndipo elliptical, ngati nyongolotsi komanso ngakhale flake graphite amawonekera. Ma graphite opangidwa mosakhazikikawa amapanga mfundo zolimbikitsira mkati mwazinthu, kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa zinthuzo. Mwachitsanzo, mipira ya graphite ya mapaipi achitsulo a ductile okhala ndi mulingo wa spheroidization wa 3 sakhala wokhazikika ngati wa Level 1, ndipo kugawa kwake sikuli kofanana. Akakumana ndi chitsenderezo chofananacho, amakhala opunduka m’deralo kapenanso kung’ambika. Pankhani ya kukana kwa dzimbiri, mapaipi okhala ndi mitengo yotsika ya spheroidization amatha kutengeka ndi dzimbiri la electrochemical chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osagwirizana, motero amafupikitsa moyo wautumiki wa chitoliro.
Zabwino zamakina katundu:Mapaipi achitsulo a DINSEN ali ndi mphamvu komanso kulimba kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwa grade 1 spheroidization. M'mapulojekiti operekera madzi, amatha kupirira kuthamanga kwa madzi, kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akuyenda bwino, komanso kuchepetsa kuchitika kwa ngozi zapaipi. M'makina oyendetsa ngalande, kuyang'anizana ndi zofunikira zowonongeka nthawi yomweyo panthawi yamvula kwambiri, monga mvula yambiri, mphamvu zawo zapamwamba komanso kulimba kwabwino kungathe kuonetsetsa kuti payipi isawonongeke chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa madzi. M'munda wa kufala kwa gasi, kufalitsa kwa gasi wothamanga kwambiri kumafuna mphamvu zamapaipi apamwamba kwambiri. Mlingo wa grade 1 spheroidization wa DINSEN ductile iron mapaipi umapangitsa kuti izitha kugwira ntchito imeneyi, kuwonetsetsa kuti kufalikira kwamafuta otetezeka komanso odalirika.
Moyo wautali wautumiki:Maonekedwe a microstructure omwe amabweretsedwa ndi grade 1 spheroidization rate amathandizira kwambiri kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa DINSEN ductile iron mapaipi. Kaya m'malo achinyezi apansi panthaka kapena m'malo otulutsa madzi otayira m'mafakitale omwe ali ndi zida zowononga, kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa mapaipi okhala ndi milingo yocheperako. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi achitsulo a DINSEN ductile chitsulo, makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro amachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwa nthawi yayitali, kukulitsa kwambiri moyo wautumiki wa chitoliro ndikuchepetsa ndalama zosinthira ndi kukonza.
Kusinthasintha kwazinthu zambiri:Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino kwambiri, mapaipi achitsulo a DINSEN amatha kusinthira kumadera osiyanasiyana a uinjiniya ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito. Kaya m'madera ozizira akumpoto, imalimbana ndi kupanikizika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa madzi oundana mu chitoliro m'nyengo yozizira, kapena m'madera akumwera otentha ndi mvula, imalimbana ndi dzimbiri m'malo achinyezi. Zimagwira bwino ntchito yomanga zomangamanga m'matauni, zomangamanga zamafakitale ndi ulimi wothirira ulimi, ndipo zimapereka njira zodalirika zamapaipi popititsa patsogolo mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Mwachidule, chithunzi cha metallographic cha mapaipi achitsulo cha ductile chimakhala ndi gawo losasinthika pakufufuza zakuthupi, kuwongolera bwino komanso kusanthula kulephera. Mulingo wa spheroidization rate, makamaka 1st level spheroidization rate wopezedwa ndi DINSEN ductile iron mapaipi, ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mapaipi achitsulo, kukulitsa moyo wawo wautumiki ndikukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito. Kupyolera mu kumvetsa mozama zithunzi za metallographic gawo ndi kuchuluka kwa spheroidization, tikhoza kumvetsa bwino mapaipi achitsulo a ductile, chinthu chofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale, ndikupereka masewera athunthu ku ubwino wawo pakugwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-21-2025
